Here are some typical compositions of duplex stainless steels:
Grade | EN No/UNS | Type | Approx Composition | ||||||
Cr | Ni | Mo | N | Mn | W | Cu | |||
2101 LDX | 1.4162/ S32101 | Lean | 21.5 | 1.5 | 0.3 | 0.22 | 5 | - | - |
DX2202 | 1.4062/ S32202 | Lean | 23 | 2.5 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 1.5 | - | - |
RDN 903 | 1.4482/ S32001 | Lean | 20 | 1.8 | 0.2 | 0.11 | 4.2 | - | - |
2304 | 1.4362/ | Lean | 23 | 4.8 | 0.3 | 0.10 | - | - | - |
2205 | 1.4462/ S31803/ S32205 | Standard | 22 | 5.7 | 3.1 | 0.17 | - | - | - |
2507 | 1.4410/ S32750 | Super | 25 | 7 | 4 | 0.27 | - | - | - |
Zeron 100 | 1.4501/ S32760 | Super | 25 | 7 | 3.2 | 0.25 | - | 0.7 | 0.7 |
Ferrinox 255/ Uranus 2507Cu | 1.4507/ S32520/ S32550 | Super | 25 | 6.5 | 3.5 | 0.25 | - | - | 1.5 |
In some of the recently developed grades, nitrogen and manganese are used together to bring the nickel content to very low levels. This has a beneficial effect on price stability.
At present, we are still very much in the development phase of duplex steels. Therefore, each mill is promoting its own particular brand. It is generally agreed that there are too many grades. However, this is likely to continue until the “winners” emerge.
The range of duplex steels allows them to be matched for corrosion resistance with the austenitic and ferritic steel grades. There is no single measure of corrosion resistance. However, it is convenient to use the Pitting Resistance Equivalent Number (PREN) as a means of ranking the grades.
PREN = %Cr + 3.3 x %Mo + 16 x %N
The following table shows how the duplex steels compare with some austenitic and ferritic grades.
Grade | EN No/UNS | Type | Typical PREN |
430 | 1.4016/ S43000 | Ferritic | 18 |
304 | 1.4301/ S30400 | Austenitic | 19 |
441 | 1.4509/ S43932 | Ferritic | 19 |
RDN 903 | 1.4482/ S32001 | Duplex | 22 |
316 | 1.4401/ S31600 | Austenitic | 24 |
444 | 1.4521/ S44400 | Ferritic | 24 |
316L 2.5 Mo | 1.4435 | Austenitic | 26 |
2101 LDX | 1.4162/ S32101 | Duplex | 26 |
2304 | 1.4362/ S32304 | Duplex | 26 |
DX2202 | 1.4062/ S32202 | Duplex | 27 |
904L | 1.4539/ N08904 | Austenitic | 34 |
2205 | 1.4462/ S31803/ S32205 | Duplex | 35 |
Zeron 100 | 1.4501/ S32760 | Duplex | 41 |
Ferrinox 255/ Uranus 2507Cu | 1.4507/ S32520/ S32550 | Duplex | 41 |
2507 | 1.4410/ S32750 | Duplex | 43 |
6% Mo | 1.4547/ S31254 | Austenitic | 44 |
Duplex Stainless Steel Alloy Chemistry | ||||||||||||
Carbon Max | Manganese Max | Silicon Max | Chromium Min-Max | Nickel Min-Max | Molybdenum Min-Max | Phosphorous Max | Sulfur Max | Copper Min-Max | Iron | Other | Melting Range | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alloy Type | ||||||||||||
ASTM A890 Grade 1A (CD4MCu) | 0.04 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 24.5-26.5 | 4.75-6.00 | 1.75-2.25 | 0.040 | 0.040 | 2.75-3.25 | Bal. | 2630-2680 | |
ASTM A890 Grade 4A (CD3MN) | 0.03 | 1.50 | 1.00 | 21.0-23.0 | 4.5- 6.5 | 2.5-3.5 | 0.040 | 0.020 | 1.00 Max | Bal. | N 0.10-0.30 | 2630-2680 |
Duplex Stainless Steel Alloy Properties | |||||||
Condition | Tensile Strength | 0.2% Yield Strength | % Elongation Range (2.5 cm or 1") | Hardness RB Max | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alloy Type | English PSI | Metric MPa | English PSI | Metric MPa | |||
ASTM A890 Grade 1A CD4MCu | Solution Annealed | 100,000 Min | 689 Min | 70,000 Min | 483 Min | 16% Min | 94Rb – 27Rc |
ASTM A890 Grade 4A CD3MN | Solution Annealed | 90,000 Min | 621 Min | 60,000 Min | 414 Min | 25% Min | 90 Rb – 25Rc |
Mechanical Property values are for information only. They are determined from test bars and do not necessarily apply to castings.
Duplex Stainless Steel Alloy Cross-Index | ||
Alloy or Type | AMS | Other Designation |
---|---|---|
CD4MCu | ASTM A890 Grade 1A | |
CD3MN | ASTM A890 Grade 4A |
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